Signal transmission in fiber optic current sensors is based on light traveling through optical fibers. Radiation absorption excites an orbital electron to a higher energy level. Heating the material enables the trapped states to interact with phonons and decay into lower-energy. This article explores the different types of Fiber Optic Sensors, their working principles, and various applications. These sensors mainly measure physical quantities, such as object displacement and pressure, by detecting changes in the intensity of reflected light. Fiber optic sensors play a key role in developing the communication system to sense & measure the change within. A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals ("extrinsic sensors"). Due to its small size, low cost and ease of fabrication leading it to replace traditional sensors which were used frequently before th birth of fiber optic sensors.
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